When people live permanently in a setting in which they are surrounded by people with cultural backgrounds different from their own and are struggling to define with them the degree to which the cultural beliefs and practices should or should not be accorded respect and recognition, they are said to live in a

When people live permanently in a setting in which they are surrounded by people with cultural backgrounds different from their own and are struggling to define with them the degree to which the cultural beliefs and practices should or should not be accorded respect and recognition, they are said to live in a

Answer: multicultural society

In recent years, political candidates from Mexico, the Dominican Republic, and elsewhere have come to the United States to seek votes from migrants from those countries who have migrated to the United States. In the terms used in the text, this signals the emergence of

In recent years, political candidates from Mexico, the Dominican Republic, and elsewhere have come to the United States to seek votes from migrants from those countries who have migrated to the United States. In the terms used in the text, this signals the emergence of

Answer: a transborder state

Sicknesses (and the therapies to relieve them) that are unique to a particular cultural group are called

Sicknesses (and the therapies to relieve them) that are unique to a particular cultural group are called

Answer: culture-bound syndromes

The physical toll that inequality takes on people's bodies is called

The physical toll that inequality takes on people's bodies is called

Answer: embodied inequality

Which of the following is the term used by medical anthropologists to refer to the combined effects on a population of more than one disease, which are exacerbated by poor nutrition, social instability, violence, and other stressful environmental factors?

Which of the following is the term used by medical anthropologists to refer to the combined effects on a population of more than one disease, which are exacerbated by poor nutrition, social instability, violence, and other stressful environmental factors?

Answer: syndemic

When people borrow ideas, practices, or objects from elsewhere, they usually modify them so that they fit into the local way of life. A common anthropological term describing this process is

When people borrow ideas, practices, or objects from elsewhere, they usually modify them so that they fit into the local way of life. A common anthropological term describing this process is

Answer: indigenization

The strategies and effects employed by managers, technocrats, and professionals who move regularly across state boundaries and seek both to circumvent and to benefit from different nation-state regimes are called

The strategies and effects employed by managers, technocrats, and professionals who move regularly across state boundaries and seek both to circumvent and to benefit from different nation-state regimes are called

Answer: flexible citizenship

______ is being at ease in more than one cultural setting.

______ is being at ease in more than one cultural setting.

Answer: Cosmopolitanism

Powers, privileges, or material resources to which people everywhere, by virtue of being human, are justly entitled are called

Powers, privileges, or material resources to which people everywhere, by virtue of being human, are justly entitled are called

Answer: human rights

The coexistence of ethnomedical systems alongside cosmopolitan medicine is called

The coexistence of ethnomedical systems alongside cosmopolitan medicine is called

Answer: medical pluralism

In his work among the Azande, what did Evans-Pritchard find out about their understanding of disease?

In his work among the Azande, what did Evans-Pritchard find out about their understanding of disease?

Answer:

• They acknowledged the role played by material causes recognized in Western biomedicine
• They might invoke witchcraft to explain why a cut did not heal

Many contemporary anthropologists call the contemporary process of intensified globalized cultural mixing

Many contemporary anthropologists call the contemporary process of intensified globalized cultural mixing

Answer: hybridity

Medical anthropologists use which of the following terms to refer to events in life generated by forces and agents external to the person and largely external to his or her control, specifically, events generated in the setting of armed conflict and war?

Medical anthropologists use which of the following terms to refer to events in life generated by forces and agents external to the person and largely external to his or her control, specifically, events generated in the setting of armed conflict and war?

Answer: trauma

A new form of citizenship developing among residents of indigenous territories who have been granted full control and authority over lands that are located within the boundaries of nation-states is called

A new form of citizenship developing among residents of indigenous territories who have been granted full control and authority over lands that are located within the boundaries of nation-states is called

Answer: territorial citizenship

The reshaping of local conditions by powerful worldwide forces on an ever-intensifying scale is the concept of

The reshaping of local conditions by powerful worldwide forces on an ever-intensifying scale is the concept of

Answer: globalization

Alternative medical systems based on practices of local sociocultural groups are called

Alternative medical systems based on practices of local sociocultural groups are called

Answer: ethnomedical systems

Which of the following terms do medical anthropologists use to refer to Western forms of medical knowledge and practice based on biological science?

Which of the following terms do medical anthropologists use to refer to Western forms of medical knowledge and practice based on biological science?

Answer: biomedicine

Migrant populations with a shared identity who live in a variety of different locales around the world are called

Migrant populations with a shared identity who live in a variety of different locales around the world are called

Answer: diasporas

Violence that results from the way that political and economic forces structure risk for various forms of suffering within a population is called

Violence that results from the way that political and economic forces structure risk for various forms of suffering within a population is called

Answer: structural violence

An example of the role of cultural practices shaping natural selection on genes that affect human health concerns

An example of the role of cultural practices shaping natural selection on genes that affect human health concerns

Answer: lactose intolerance

For some people, blue jeans, McDonald's hamburgers, rock and roll, and Coca-Cola are seen as destroying local practices. They call this process

For some people, blue jeans, McDonald's hamburgers, rock and roll, and Coca-Cola are seen as destroying local practices. They call this process

Answer: cultural imperialism

Which of the following terms do anthropologists use to refer to the felt interior experience of the person that includes his or her positions in a field of relational power?

Which of the following terms do anthropologists use to refer to the felt interior experience of the person that includes his or her positions in a field of relational power?

Answer: subjectivity

The specialty of anthropology that concerns itself with human health—the factors that contribute to disease or illness and the ways that human populations deal with disease or illness—is called

The specialty of anthropology that concerns itself with human health—the factors that contribute to disease or illness and the ways that human populations deal with disease or illness—is called

Answer: medical anthropology

Members of a diaspora organized in support of nationalist struggles in their homeland or to agitate for a state of their own are known as

Members of a diaspora organized in support of nationalist struggles in their homeland or to agitate for a state of their own are known as

Answer: long-distance nationalists

Ranked groups within a hierarchically stratified society whose membership is defined primarily in terms of wealth, occupation, or other economic criteria is the text's definition of

Ranked groups within a hierarchically stratified society whose membership is defined primarily in terms of wealth, occupation, or other economic criteria is the text's definition of

Answer: classes

When nationalist leaders define nationality in a way that preserves the cultural domination of the ruling group but also includes enough cultural features from subordinated groups to ensure their loyalty, they are engaging in a process called

When nationalist leaders define nationality in a way that preserves the cultural domination of the ruling group but also includes enough cultural features from subordinated groups to ensure their loyalty, they are engaging in a process called

Answer: transformist hegemony

The deliberate representations of particular identities such as caste, race, or nation as if they were the result of biology or nature, rather than history or culture, are called

The deliberate representations of particular identities such as caste, race, or nation as if they were the result of biology or nature, rather than history or culture, are called

Answer: naturalizing discourses

The social category of race

The social category of race

Answer: has real consequences, even if it has no reality in biology

In the traditional view, what is the difference between classes and castes?

In the traditional view, what is the difference between classes and castes?

Answer: classes are open; castes are closed

Anthropologists Jane Collier, Michelle Rosaldo, and Sylvia Yanagisako have been able to show that the roles of men and women within families

Anthropologists Jane Collier, Michelle Rosaldo, and Sylvia Yanagisako have been able to show that the roles of men and women within families

Answer: varied enormously, cross-culturally and historically

Anthropologists are suspicious of naturalizing discourses because

Anthropologists are suspicious of naturalizing discourses because

A. they ignore historical evidence showing how present-day arrangements contrast with earlier social arrangements
B. they ignore variations in social arrangements in other present-day societies, which show that social life may be organized differently
C. they direct attention away from current social inequalities, insisting that these inequalities are so deeply rooted that attempting to change them would be impossible
D. all of the above



Answer: D

Hierarchically arranged social groups defined on economic grounds are called

Hierarchically arranged social groups defined on economic grounds are called

Answer: classes

Some anthropologists argue that ethnicity becomes racialized under certain circumstances. Why?

Some anthropologists argue that ethnicity becomes racialized under certain circumstances. Why?

Answer: to mark and stigmatize certain peoples as essentially different

The traditional concept of race in Western society is

The traditional concept of race in Western society is

Answer: biologically and genetically meaningless

The social category of race is

The social category of race is

Answer: a relatively recent invention

A principle of social classification that creates groups on the basis of a set of distinctive cultural criteria that people in the group are believed to share is referred to as

A principle of social classification that creates groups on the basis of a set of distinctive cultural criteria that people in the group are believed to share is referred to as

Answer: ethnicity

In Gopalpur, the interdependence of different jatis is most important in which context?

In Gopalpur, the interdependence of different jatis is most important in which context?

Answer: ritual

In Australia, the doctrine of terra nullius argues that landownership is demonstrated by

In Australia, the doctrine of terra nullius argues that landownership is demonstrated by

A. permanent settlement
B. "improvement" of the land
C. planting crops or grazing animals on it
D. all of the above



Answer: 

Eleanor Leacock argued that women's subordination to men could be connected explicitly to

Eleanor Leacock argued that women's subordination to men could be connected explicitly to

Answer: the rise of private property and the emergence of the state

A key element recognized by all anthropologists who use the concept of caste is that caste groups are

A key element recognized by all anthropologists who use the concept of caste is that caste groups are

Answer: endogamous

The systematic oppression of one or more socially defined "races" by another socially defined "race" that is justified in terms of the supposedly inherent biological superiority of the rulers and the supposed inherent biological inferiority of those they rule is called

The systematic oppression of one or more socially defined "races" by another socially defined "race" that is justified in terms of the supposedly inherent biological superiority of the rulers and the supposed inherent biological inferiority of those they rule is called

Answer: racism

Many anthropologists accept that ethnicity is created by

Many anthropologists accept that ethnicity is created by

Answer: historic processes

Social groups that are distinguished from one another on the basis of cultural features such as language, religion, or dress are referred to as

Social groups that are distinguished from one another on the basis of cultural features such as language, religion, or dress are referred to as

Answer: ethnic groups

The residents of Gopalpur believed that members of each jati

The residents of Gopalpur believed that members of each jati

A. are related by ties of kinship
B. marry only among themselves
C. follow particular practices and occupations


Answer: D. all of the above

An ideal political unit in which national identity and political territory coincide is known as a

An ideal political unit in which national identity and political territory coincide is known as a

Answer: nation-state

If the distinctiveness of male and female characteristics can be used to make concrete people's ideas about the nature of social relations, then

If the distinctiveness of male and female characteristics can be used to make concrete people's ideas about the nature of social relations, then

Answer: gendered forms of inequality can be used to structure relations between different categories of men

Ranked groups within a hierarchically stratified society that are closed, prohibiting individuals to move from one rank to another,

Ranked groups within a hierarchically stratified society that are closed, prohibiting individuals to move from one rank to another,

Answer: are castes

The human population category whose boundaries were historically assumed to correspond to distinct sets of biological attributes is

The human population category whose boundaries were historically assumed to correspond to distinct sets of biological attributes is

Answer: race

The principle based on culturally recognized parent-child connections that define the social categories to which people belong is called

The principle based on culturally recognized parent-child connections that define the social categories to which people belong is called

Answer: descent

Which of the following terms do anthropologists use to refer to the cultural construction of beliefs and behaviors considered appropriate for males and females in a particular society?

Which of the following terms do anthropologists use to refer to the cultural construction of beliefs and behaviors considered appropriate for males and females in a particular society?

Answer: gender

A descent group formed by members who believe they have a common (sometimes mythical) ancestor is a

A descent group formed by members who believe they have a common (sometimes mythical) ancestor is a

Answer: clan

The "Two-Spirits" (formerly called berdache) of many indigenous North American societies is an example of a supernumerary sex

The "Two-Spirits" (formerly called berdache) of many indigenous North American societies is an example of a supernumerary sex

Answer: that is a role that apparently had nothing to do with morphological sex anomalies

The wealth transferred, usually from parents to daughter, at the time of her marriage is a

The wealth transferred, usually from parents to daughter, at the time of her marriage is a

Answer: dowry

A descent group formed by people who can specify their connections to one another through parent-child links to a common ancestor is a

A descent group formed by people who can specify their connections to one another through parent-child links to a common ancestor is a

Answer: lineage

Which of the following terms do anthropologists use to refer to the observable physical characteristics that distinguish the two kinds of human beings, male and female, needed for human biological reproduction?

Which of the following terms do anthropologists use to refer to the observable physical characteristics that distinguish the two kinds of human beings, male and female, needed for human biological reproduction?

Answer: sex

Social relationships that are prototypically derived from the universal human experiences of mating, birth, and nurturance are called

Social relationships that are prototypically derived from the universal human experiences of mating, birth, and nurturance are called

Answer: kinship

Marriage within the boundaries of a defined social group is called

Marriage within the boundaries of a defined social group is called

Answer: endogamy

Marriage outside the boundaries of a defined social group is called

Marriage outside the boundaries of a defined social group is called

Answer: exogamy

Gay and lesbian activists studied by Kath Weston in San Francisco in the 1980s based their theory of family ties on

Gay and lesbian activists studied by Kath Weston in San Francisco in the 1980s based their theory of family ties on

Answer: nurturance

The postmarital residence rule requiring a couple to live with or near the wife's mother is called

The postmarital residence rule requiring a couple to live with or near the wife's mother is called

Answer: matrilocal

Which of the following would NOT belong to a man's patrilineage?

Which of the following would NOT belong to a man's patrilineage?

Answer: his sister's son

The postmarital residence rule requiring a couple to live with or near the husband's mother's brother is called

The postmarital residence rule requiring a couple to live with or near the husband's mother's brother is called

Answer: avunculocal

The social positions assigned to people at birth are

The social positions assigned to people at birth are

Answer: ascribed statuses

A form of marriage in which a person may have several spouses is called

A form of marriage in which a person may have several spouses is called

Answer: polygamy

The kinship tie created by marriage is called

The kinship tie created by marriage is called

Answer: affinity

Which of the following would NOT belong to a man's matrilineage?

Which of the following would NOT belong to a man's matrilineage?

Answer: his daughter

Which of the following cultural beliefs reinforce the practice of polyandry by the Nyinba?

Which of the following cultural beliefs reinforce the practice of polyandry by the Nyinba?

Answer: a kinship ideal stressing the solidarity of brothers

The social positions people may attain later in life, often as the result of their own effort, are

The social positions people may attain later in life, often as the result of their own effort, are

Answer: achieved statuses

The postmarital residence rule requiring a couple to live with or near the husband's father is called

The postmarital residence rule requiring a couple to live with or near the husband's father is called

Answer: patrilocal

Consanguineal relationships are connections based on

Consanguineal relationships are connections based on

Answer: descent

The transfer of certain symbolically important goods from the family of the groom to the family of the bride on the occasion of their marriage is called

The transfer of certain symbolically important goods from the family of the groom to the family of the bride on the occasion of their marriage is called

Answer: bridewealth

The institution that transforms the status of the participants, carries implications about permitted sexual access and the position of offspring in the society, and establishes new kin connections is

The institution that transforms the status of the participants, carries implications about permitted sexual access and the position of offspring in the society, and establishes new kin connections is

Answer: marriage

In traditional Western thought, the prototype of power in human social relations is based on

In traditional Western thought, the prototype of power in human social relations is based on

Answer: physical coercion

In recent years, the anthropology of politics has addressed questions about

In recent years, the anthropology of politics has addressed questions about

Answer: power and inequality

The freedom of self-contained individuals to pursue their own interests above everything else and to challenge one another for dominance is known as

The freedom of self-contained individuals to pursue their own interests above everything else and to challenge one another for dominance is known as

Answer: free agency

The French approach to multiculturalism is characterized by the promise to immigrants of

The French approach to multiculturalism is characterized by the promise to immigrants of

Answer: all the rights and privileges of native-born citizens as long as they adopt French culture and language

The German approach to multiculturalism is characterized by the promise to immigrants of

The German approach to multiculturalism is characterized by the promise to immigrants of

Answer: work and legal protection but not citizenship

Governmentality can best be understood as a way to

Governmentality can best be understood as a way to

Answer: manage individuals, goods, and wealth

According to Gramsci, rulers who provide some genuine benefits to their subjects, spread an ideology that justifies their rule, and nevertheless succeed in protecting their privileges are exercising

According to Gramsci, rulers who provide some genuine benefits to their subjects, spread an ideology that justifies their rule, and nevertheless succeed in protecting their privileges are exercising

Answer: hegemony

In northern Thailand, according to Katherine Bowie (as discussed in the text), men get involved in politics because

In northern Thailand, according to Katherine Bowie (as discussed in the text), men get involved in politics because

Answer: politics is full of conflict, and it is better for strangers to the village (men) to be involved in conflicts

The study of social power in human society is called

The study of social power in human society is called

Answer: political anthropology

A worldview that justifies the social arrangements under which people live is called

A worldview that justifies the social arrangements under which people live is called

Answer: ideology

Research by political anthropologists has led to a reconsideration of

Research by political anthropologists has led to a reconsideration of

A. the political role of the state
B. the political role of kinship
C. traditional Western notions about human nature
D. all of the above



Answer: D

According to James Scott, foot-dragging, desertion, pilfering, slander, arson, and sabotage are examples of

According to James Scott, foot-dragging, desertion, pilfering, slander, arson, and sabotage are examples of

Answer: everyday forms of peasant resistance

During the last half of the twentieth century, the countries of ________ were the target of large waves of immigration from all over the world.

During the last half of the twentieth century, the countries of ________ were the target of large waves of immigration from all over the world.

Answer: Europe

According to James Scott, occasional arrests, warnings, legal restrictions, and indefinite preventive detention are examples of

According to James Scott, occasional arrests, warnings, legal restrictions, and indefinite preventive detention are examples of

Answer: routine repression

Which of the following is a topic of interest to political anthropologists?

Which of the following is a topic of interest to political anthropologists?

A. the classification and evolution of political systems
B. the structure and functions of political systems
C. the modernization of formerly tribal societies
D. all of the above


Answer: D

Which of the following terms is used by Eric Wolf to refer to the form of social power that organizes social settings and controls the allocation of social labor

Which of the following terms is used by Eric Wolf to refer to the form of social power that organizes social settings and controls the allocation of social labor

Answer: structural power

According to Evans-Pritchard, Azande commoners did not accuse chiefs of witchcraft because

According to Evans-Pritchard, Azande commoners did not accuse chiefs of witchcraft because

Answer: witches bewitch people they envy, and chiefs do not envy commoners

The British approach to multiculturalism is characterized by the promise to immigrants of

The British approach to multiculturalism is characterized by the promise to immigrants of

Answer: toleration in the exercise of their cultural differences as long as they do not disrupt law and order or expect to become British

The state of Freedonia is concerned by the threat posed by its increasingly warlike neighbor, Sylvania. After the latest census figures are considered, the Freedonian government realizes that it will need both more soldiers and more factory output of military materials. The government introduces laws to reward larger families with tax credits, reforms the educational system to increase the number of students in vocational training, and institutes a military draft. According to the text, the government of Freedonia is engaging in

The state of Freedonia is concerned by the threat posed by its increasingly warlike neighbor, Sylvania. After the latest census figures are considered, the Freedonian government realizes that it will need both more soldiers and more factory output of military materials. The government introduces laws to reward larger families with tax credits, reforms the educational system to increase the number of students in vocational training, and institutes a military draft. According to the text, the government of Freedonia is engaging in

Answer: biopolitics

The form of power preoccupied with bodies, both the bodies of citizens and the social body of the state itself, is called

The form of power preoccupied with bodies, both the bodies of citizens and the social body of the state itself, is called

Answer: biopower

The actions taken by many contemporary nation-states to identify the level of terrorist threats, take action to stop them, and institute policies to minimize damage and disruption in the event of a terrorist attack would be considered examples of

The actions taken by many contemporary nation-states to identify the level of terrorist threats, take action to stop them, and institute policies to minimize damage and disruption in the event of a terrorist attack would be considered examples of

Answer: governmentality

In Sedaka, rich and poor villagers alike agreed that

In Sedaka, rich and poor villagers alike agreed that

Answer: using combine harvesters hurts the poor and helps the rich

Transformative capacity is the text's definition of

Transformative capacity is the text's definition of

Answer: power

According to Gramsci, power based on physical force is called

According to Gramsci, power based on physical force is called

Answer: domination

The activity linking human social groups to the material world around them is referred to as

The activity linking human social groups to the material world around them is referred to as

Answer: labor

Annette Weiner argues that the role of women's wealth in Trobriand society

Annette Weiner argues that the role of women's wealth in Trobriand society

Answer: could disappear if cash ever became widely substitutable for yams

A reciprocal situation in which a return of equal value is expected within a specified time limit demonstrates what anthropologists consider

A reciprocal situation in which a return of equal value is expected within a specified time limit demonstrates what anthropologists consider

Answer: balanced reciprocity

The mode of exchange that requires some form of centralized social organization to receive economic contributions from all members of the group and to allocate them in such a way as to provide for every member of the group is called

The mode of exchange that requires some form of centralized social organization to receive economic contributions from all members of the group and to allocate them in such a way as to provide for every member of the group is called

Answer: redistribution

The using up of material goods necessary for human physical survival is called

The using up of material goods necessary for human physical survival is called

Answer: consumption

Patterns according to which distribution takes place, such as reciprocity, redistribution, and market exchange, are referred to as

Patterns according to which distribution takes place, such as reciprocity, redistribution, and market exchange, are referred to as

Answer: modes of exchange

A reciprocal situation in which neither the time nor the value of return is specified is identified by anthropologists as a form of

A reciprocal situation in which neither the time nor the value of return is specified is identified by anthropologists as a form of

Answer: generalized reciprocity

Which of the following is an example of redistribution?

Which of the following is an example of redistribution?

A. potlatch
B. Internal Revenue Service
C. Salvation Army
D. all of the above



Answer: D

Ranked groups within a hierarchically stratified society whose membership is defined primarily in terms of wealth, occupation, or other economic criteria are called

Ranked groups within a hierarchically stratified society whose membership is defined primarily in terms of wealth, occupation, or other economic criteria are called

Answer: classes

Anthropologists consider a reciprocal situation in which parties to the exchange hope to get something for nothing to be

Anthropologists consider a reciprocal situation in which parties to the exchange hope to get something for nothing to be

Answer: negative reciprocity

Impersonal economic exchanges typical of the capitalist market in which goods are exchanged for cash are called

Impersonal economic exchanges typical of the capitalist market in which goods are exchanged for cash are called

Answer: commodity exchanges

The tools, skills, organization, and knowledge used to extract energy from nature are the

The tools, skills, organization, and knowledge used to extract energy from nature are the

Answer: means of production

Non Capitalist forms of economic exchange that are deeply embedded in social relations and always require reciprocity are called

Non Capitalist forms of economic exchange that are deeply embedded in social relations and always require reciprocity are called

Answer: gift exchanges

Complex, variable, and enduring forms of cultural practices that organize social life are called

Complex, variable, and enduring forms of cultural practices that organize social life are called

Answer: institutions

The social connections linking human beings who engage in different production tasks and who must work together are called

The social connections linking human beings who engage in different production tasks and who must work together are called

Answer: relations of production

An economic system dominated by the supply-demand-price mechanism called the "market" is

An economic system dominated by the supply-demand-price mechanism called the "market" is

Answer: capitalism

Marshall Sahlins coined the expression "the original affluent society" to describe

Marshall Sahlins coined the expression "the original affluent society" to describe

Answer: the Ju/'hoansi and others like them

According to Annette Weiner, the exchange of banana leaf bundles during mortuary rituals in the Trobriands

According to Annette Weiner, the exchange of banana leaf bundles during mortuary rituals in the Trobriands

Answer: allows Trobrianders to represent and affirm the most fundamental relationships in their social system

The part of the discipline of anthropology that debates issues of human nature that relate directly to the decisions of daily life and making a living is

The part of the discipline of anthropology that debates issues of human nature that relate directly to the decisions of daily life and making a living is

Answer: economic anthropology

A __________ is a historically occurring set of social relations through which labor is organized to extract energy from the environment by means of tools, skills, organization, and knowledge.

A __________ is a historically occurring set of social relations through which labor is organized to extract energy from the environment by means of tools, skills, organization, and knowledge.

Answer: mode of production

The exchange of goods and services of equal value is called

The exchange of goods and services of equal value is called

Answer: reciprocity

The way of life that grew in response to and in service of the "market" is referred to as

The way of life that grew in response to and in service of the "market" is referred to as

Answer: capitalism

In the 1960s, Richard Lee discovered that in order to find enough food to survive, Ju/'hoansi foragers had to work

In the 1960s, Richard Lee discovered that in order to find enough food to survive, Ju/'hoansi foragers had to work

Answer: about 20 hours per week per person

According to Daniel Miller, for many observers of global consumption, Coca-Cola is

According to Daniel Miller, for many observers of global consumption, Coca-Cola is

Answer: a symbol of the destructive global potential of capitalist consumption